Vietnam

Vietnam possesses a high diversity of ecosystems, including tropical forests, limestone/karst landscapes, extensive wetlands such as mangroves and peat swamps, and diverse marine and coastal ecosystems with coral reefs, seagrass beds, and lagoons. This biodiversity is at risk due to factors like habitat degradation from climate change and socio-economic development, but conservation efforts are underway to protect these vital natural resources.

As the country is located within the Indomalayan realm, Vietnam is one of twenty-five countries considered to possess a uniquely high level of biodiversity, as noted in Vietnam's National Environmental Condition Report in 2005. The country is home to nearly 16,000 plant species (10% endemic), as well as 840 bird species (100 endemic) and 310 mammals (78 endemic). Other recorded fauna include reptiles, amphibians, insects, nematodes, and other invertebrates. Vietnam’s biodiversity faces pressures from climate change and rapid development, but conservation efforts are ongoing. The country is recognized by UNESCO for two World Natural Heritage Sites—Hạ Long Bay and Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park—and nine biosphere reserves, including Cần Giờ Mangrove Forest, Cát Tiên, and the Mekong Delta.